Es ist heute eine allgemein anerkannte These, dass in der Rechtsphilosophie nicht nur die Geschichte, sondern auch die Geschichtlichkeit berucksichtigt werden muss. Diese Arbeit geht einen Schritt weiter: sie versucht, die Geschichtlichkeit in die Rechtstheorie einzubeziehen. Nicht nur das Anwendungsfeld der Rechtsprinzipien, die sog. Rechtsmaterie, ist geschichtlich, auch die Rechtsprinzipien selber mussen als geschichtlich betrachtet werden. Anhand einiger konkreter Falle wird der Ansatz zu diesem neuen Rechtsverstandnis verdeutlicht.

Economic and social activities are undergoing radical changes, which can be labelled as ‘knowledge economy and/or society’. In this sense, intellectual capital, or knowledge assets, as the fourth factor of production, is replacing the other ones – job, land and capital. This article tries to offer the origins and nature of the firm’s IC that can be labelled as ‘An Intellectual Capital-Based View of the Firm Competition’. This framework tries to highlight the strategic role of different intangible assets like talented (...) and committed workers, cultural values, or long-term relationships among the firm and its stakeholders – customers, allies, suppliers and society in general – in gaining and sustaining competitive advantages, being the management of IC a key issue in the management agenda. (shrink)

Localization Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) represent a research topic with increasing interest due to their numerous applications. However, the viability of these systems is compromised by the attained localization uncertainties once implemented, since the network performance is highly dependent on the sensors location. The Node Location Problem (NLP) aims to obtain the optimal distribution of sensors for a particular environment, a problem already categorized as NP-Hard. Furthermore, localization WSN usually perform a sensor selection for determining which nodes are to be (...) utilized for maximizing the achieved accuracy. This problem, defined as the Sensor Selection Problem (SSP), has also been categorized as NP-Hard. While different metaheuristics have been proposed for attaining a near optimal solution in both problems, no approach has considered the two problems simultaneously, thus resulting in suboptimal solutions since the SSP is biased by the actual node distribution once deployed. In this paper, a combined approach of both problems simultaneously is proposed, thus considering the SSP within the NLP. Furthermore, a novel metaheuristic combining the Black Widow Optimization (BWO) algorithm and the Variable Neighbourhood Descent Chains (VND-Chains) local search, denominated as BWO-VND-Chains, is particularly devised for the first time in the author’s best knowledge for the NLP, resulting in a more efficient and robust optimization technique. Finally, a comparison of different metaheuristic algorithms is proposed over an actual urban scenario, considering different sensor selection criteria in order to attain the best methodology and selection technique. Results show that the newly devised algorithm with the SSP criteria optimization achieves mean localization uncertainties up to 19.66 % lower than traditional methodologies. (shrink)

Excerpt from Personas, Obras, Cosas Un cenobita con sayal del color de la tierra abre un portón; entramos. Dos hileras de cipre ses ensimismados con su follaje recio, de un verde casi negro, conducen a la íglesuca y al apo sento del capellán. En la sacristía se ven dos cua dros que figuran una antítesis dolorosa: es uno la imagen horrenda de una pobre ánima del purga torió ardiendo en llamas de ocre; en un rincón del lienzo está escrito: Alma (...) en pena. En el otro cuadro se lee: Alma en gracia; representa una mujer tan bella, con unos ojos tan azules, unos cabellos tan augustos y dorados y unos labios tan deleitosos, que a no hallamos tamaña altura so bre el nivel del mar y de los instintos, alguna in quietud nos sobrecogería. Luego conviene dejarse ir, lasa la voluntad, por el campo austero que se abre en derredor. Las ermitas están desparramadas en la cima, ocul tas en la espesura. Cada una tiene su huerto, largo de algunos pasos, ceñido por blanca tapia que se recala entre las chaparras y las higueras. Cada una tiene un ciprés y una espadaña. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works. (shrink)

El presente trabajo se enfocó a profundizar sobre el tema de las economías verdes y la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial. A través de una investigación documental, se logró evidenciar que las economías verdes siguen estando muy poco desarrolladas en todas partes del mundo, donde Europa es la que más avances posee en dicho tema, quedándose Latinoamérica rezagada al respecto por problemas tecnológicos y de desarrollo. Sobre la responsabilidad social se pudo entender que la misma representa una piedra angular para el desarrollo (...) de las naciones y una de las vías más relevantes para alcanzar la sostenibilidad, reduciéndose problemas como la pobreza y el impacto medioambiental. Se concluyó que la importancia de estos trabajos de investigación radica en la amplitud del análisis que proponen, lo que sirve como un elemento referencial de gran calado desde el cual partir para otras investigaciones. Palabras Clave: Sostenibilidad, Responsabilidad, Sociedad, Desarrollo. Referencias [1]M. Mordt, «Soluciones ambientales sostenibles y economía verde e inclusiva: América Latina en la senda del cambio,» 2019. [2]A. Martínez y A. Porcelli, «Reflexiones sobre la economía verde. El New Deal Ecológico Mundial,» Revista LEX, vol. 15, nº 19, pp. 361-408, 2017. [3]Global Green Growth Institute, «Green Growth Index Concept,» 2019. [4]J. F. Cajiga Calderón, «El concepto de responsabilidad social empresarial,» Ciudad de México, 2007. [5]J. A. Cortés y E. Flores, Responsabilidad social, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Ecuador, 2017. [6]J. M. Araque Ramírez, «Responsabilidad Social del Ingeniero,» San José de Cúcuta, 2016. (shrink)

While in the movies or reading a novel, how can we feel terrified by monsters, ghosts, and fictional serial killers? And how can we feel sad or outraged by depictions of cruelty? After all, we know that the imagined threats that we fear do not exist and, therefore, pose no real threat to us; and we know that the instances of cruelty that bring tears to our eyes have not happened. And yet, the fear, the sadness, or the outrage experienced (...) in our imaginations feels very real. This is the so-called paradox of "fictional emotions." This and related paradoxes have become recalcitrant problems for a purely representational approach to the imagination that tries to accommodate the imagination in a belief-desire psychology, explaining our imaginings as mental states that are similar to beliefs or desires in some ways but not others—as "quasi-beliefs" or "quasi-desires." This representational approach can be seen, for example, in Kendall Walton's influential account of the imagination as "make-believe," or in Shaun Nichols and Stephen Stich's boxological account of the imagination as a "pretend box," which is in close interaction with the suspiciously similar "belief box". (shrink)

In this paper, I argue that the certainty about the wrongness of killing must not be considered as a universal, but as a local one. Initially, I show that there exist communities in which the wrongness of killing innocents is not a moral certainty and that this kind of case cannot be justified by arguing that such people are psychopaths. Lastly, I argue that universal certainties do not admit of exceptions: thus, the fact that some exceptional cases affect the certainty (...) that killing innocents is wrong, leads me to conclude that it is a local certainty. (shrink)

I discuss the account of logical consequence advanced in Wittgenstein's Tractatus. I argue that the role that elementary propositions are meant to play in this account can be used to explain two remarkable features that Wittgenstein ascribes to them: that they are logically independent from one another and that their components refer to simple objects. I end with a proposal as to how to understand Wittgenstein's claim that all propositions can be analysed as truth functions of elementary propositions.

1. Luces y sombras de la ciudad -- 2. Los jalones de la libertad.

O marxismo tem recebido atestado de óbito de autores renomados. MAs o fim de uma ideologia oficial, simbolizada dramaticamente pela queda do muro de Berlim, esgotaria a capacidade dos textos de Marx para compreender aspectos decisivos da nossa contemporaneidade? Se O capital pretendeu criticar o processo de produção capitalista, continuando no plano teórico o movimento de contestação efetivado pelo proletariado, já não teria agora a dimensão clássica das grandes obras filosóficas do passado?Mas então, se esse texto se tornou clássico, conjunto (...) de idéias com as quais convivemos sem ter como aderir a elas por inteiro, é preciso iluminar os tópicos que ainda podem nos servir de ponto de partida. NÃo se trata de distinguir nele o vivo e o morto, mas de pensar seu núcleo mais vivo - precisamente, sua crítica da racionalidade com que o capital se apresenta. CErta herança marxista procura reler Marx do ponto de vista de sua posteridade, acentuando aquela traição que o reanima. (shrink)

Filosofía mexicana (una reconsideración crítica) -- Filosofía en México/filosofía mexicana -- Dos apuntes sobre filosofía mexicana -- ¿Qué filosofía mexicana para el presente -- Sobre la actualidad filosófica de Ramos -- Emilio Uranga, los libros y la filosofía -- José Emilio Pacheco como crítico del relatio patriótico -- "...verde es el dorado árbol de la vida" : notas sobre el pensamiento de José Revueltas.

The influx of modernity is approached as a guaranteed right in the economic process. The period is catalogued as a proponent of rationality in Weberian-Habermasian sense, with an adjustment as to ends. Rights adopt four characteristics in the methodological argument of modernity: a) it is calc..

La existencia de evidentes semejanzas en cuestiones concretas entre las concepciones históricas y, sobre todo, entre algunos principios de la Muqaddimah de Ibn Jaldún y la Scienza Nuova de Vico, inducen a una puesta en confrontación de las principales ideas históricas de ambos pensadores. Considerando la distancia temporal de cuatro siglos entre el historiador magrebí y el filósofo napolitano, así como sus diferentes ámbitos culturales, se apuntan una serie de afinidades y de contrastes.The existence of plain resemblances on specific questions (...) between historical conceptions and more specially between some of the principles of Ibn Jaldún’s Muqaddimah and Vico’s Scienza Nuova might lead us to confront the two thinkers’ main conceptions. Taking into account both the four century temporal distance between the North-african thinker and the Neapolitan philosopher and the different background, there is an attempt to sketch a series of affinities and contrasts. (shrink)

En su anterior estudio sobre la recepción de Vico en el s. XIX español, el autor analizó los casos de importantes intelectuales como Juan Donoso Cortés, Jaime Luciano Balmes, Juan Valera, Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Alfredo Adolfo Camus y Nicolás Serrano. Con ello se cumplió parte del plan de desmontar la tesis frecuentemente aceptada de una "ausencia" de Vico en España. Este plan se viene a desarrollar ahora con una nueva aportación investigadora en la que el autor muestra y analiza tres (...) importantes casos más de recepción viquiana: la del ecléctico historiador Fermin Gonzalo Morón, la del renovador neoescolástico Ceferino González, y la del fundador de la escuela jurídica catalana Manuel Durán y Bas. Con ellos el autor confirma su tesis de que Vico es apreciado, tanto desde la recepción positiva como desde la crítica, como un pensador modemo y heterodoxo de considerable valía.In his former paper on Vico’s reception during the XIX century in Spain, the author reviewed such significant intellectuals as Juan Donoso Cortés, Jaime Luciano Balmes, Juan Valera, Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, Alfredo Adolfo Camus and Nicolás Serrano. In so doing, the task of dislodging the thesis so frequently held that there is a Vico’s "absence" in Spain was partially accomplished. This task is taken up again in a recent investigation where the author analyzes and assesses three further important cases related with the Spanish Vichian reception: that of eclectic historian Femín Gonzalo Morón, the neo-scholastic Ceferino González and finally the Catalan legal school founder Manuel Durán y Bas. With those examples the author aims to validate his claim that Vico was indeed acknowledged both as a modern and heterodox thinker by the positive as well as by the critical reception. (shrink)

Replies to contributions to a symposium on the book, Scepticism and Reliable Belief.

This article proposes an object properties approach to object perception. By thinking about objects as clusters of co-instantiated features that possess certain canonical higher-order object properties we can steer a middle way between two extreme views that are dominant in different areas of empirical research into object perception and the development of the object concept. Object perception should be understood in terms of perceptual sensitivity to those object properties, where that perceptual sensitivity can be explained in a manner consistent with (...) the graded representation approach adopted by some connectionist modellers. The object properties approach does justice to the differences between a perceptual system solving the binding problem, on the one hand, and genuinely perceiving objects, on the other, without running into the theoretical problems associated with treating young infants as 'little scientists'. (shrink)

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la violencia política en Perú y su actual incidencia en la crisis de legitimidad de las instituciones políticas democráticas. La metodología empleada supone la revisión documental y el tratamiento de otras fuentes sobre las múltiples maneras como el conflicto armado debilitó la credibilidad en los mecanismos y estamentos democráticos. Se presentan elementos concluyentes sobre la continuidad, durante y después del conflicto, de la desigualdad, la frustración en la búsqueda de la verdad (...) y justicia ante la violación de los derechos humanos como causas de la crisis e inestabilidad política en Perú. El artículo permitirá concluir con la grave crisis de gobernabilidad que atraviesa el país, que se traduce en prácticas corruptas que paralizan su desarrollo económico, marcando el paso de una crisis económica a una crisis política: un puente que une los años 1992 a 2018 y que deja como saldo una pérdida generalizada de confianza en la clase política y en las instituciones del poder público en Perú. (shrink)

The paper addresses the question whether semantic naturalism is undermined by the thought that semantic concepts are normative.

How to embed reflexivity in public participation in techno-science and to open it up to the agency of publics are key concerns in current debates. There is a risk that engagements become limited to “laboratory experiments,” highly controlled and foreclosed by participation experts, particularly in upstream techno-sciences. In this paper, we propose a way to open up the “participation laboratory” by engaging localized, self-assembling publics in ways that respect and mobilize their ecologies of participation. Our innovative reflexive methodology introduced participatory (...) methods to public engagement with upstream techno-science, with the public contributing to both the content and format of the project. Reflecting on the project, we draw attention to the largely overlooked issue of temporalities of participation, and the co-production of futures and publics in participation methodologies. We argue that many public participation methodologies are underpinned by the open futures model, which imagines the future as a space of unrestrained creativity. We contrast that model with the lived futures model typical of localized publics, which respects latency of materials and processes but imposes limits on creativity. We argue that to continue being societally relevant and scientifically important, public participation methods should reconcile the open future of research with the lived futures of localized publics. (shrink)

In this paper we study collective identity functions that deal with formation of clubs. Usually the choice offered to individuals is to cast a vote in favor of qualification or not, and the final outcome is qualification or non-qualification. In this context we show that independent collective identity functions are naturally characterized by voting rules, and in particular, consent rules can be represented by one single collection of weighted majorities. In addition, we consider the extended model where voters are allowed (...) to abstain and we distinguish between disqualification and a neutral outcome. We show that this environment allows agents to act in different capacities that cannot be distinguished in the original formulation of the problem. (shrink)

Going from cognitive theory to neural data to ACT‐R models, the authors relate brain activity in a lexical ambiguity priming task to brain processes that resolve ambiguity in word meanings. These detailed data were tested and found compatible to the results of an ACT‐R computational model of reinforcement learning (RL). The model confirms and extends the behavioral findings to provide a RL account of individual differences in lexical ambiguity resolution.

Marko Jurjako’s article “Self-deception and the selectivity problem” (Jurjako 2013) offers a very interesting discussion of intentionalist approaches to self-deception and in particular the selectivity objection to anti-intentionalism raised in Bermúdez 1997 and 2000. This note responds to Jurjako’s claim that intentionalist models of self-deception face their own version of the selectivity problem, offering an account of how intentions are formed that can explain the selectivity of self-deception, even in the “common or garden” cases that Jurjako emphasizes.

Mientras que las ciencias físicas han desvelado en la modernidad gran número de problemas, las ciencias sociales y humanas siguen enfrentándose al "monstruo de lo social"; sin lograr resolver los enigmas que suscita la vida colectiva. Los conflictos sociales, políticos y culturales no sólo no han sido paliados sino que a veces se han vuelto aún más opacos. Esta paradoja que conduce al desaliento, interroga directamente a disciplinas como la antropología social y cultural. La antropología crítica como saber en permanente (...) transformación se ha convertido de esta manera en un gozne indispensable de la sociedad plural y democrática. (shrink)

Pascal, in his Mémorial, contraposed the God of philosophers and the God of Abraham, of Jacob and of Jesus Christ. John Paul II, in Crossing the threshold of Hope, enters into dialogue with this Pascalian thought. The author analizes step by step, this confrontation, making it manifest that John Paul II advocates a style of philosophy which has a strong existential emphasis. Only such a philosophy explains, according to the thought of John Paul II, the truth as much about God (...) as about man. (shrink)

Este artículo pretende realizar un repaso por la historiografía de la noción de averroísmo latino, desde los primeros trabajos de E. Renan hasta las investigaciones más recientes. Se destaca la falta de acuerdo entre las distintas posiciones y las grandes dificultades de definición que ésta categoría ha comportado para los historiadores de la filosofía durante los dos últimos siglos.

Este trabalho discute a formação da mentalidade individual, por meio de uma reflexão comparativa entre Democracia e educação, de John Dewey, e Admirável mundo novo, de Aldous Huxley. O texto literário permite um diálogo e uma leitura em face do texto filosófico, que o caracteriza como campo para a realização de um experimento de pensamento. Esse experimento é a discussão do valor atribuído por Dewey ao crescimento individual e ao social, em contraposição ao valor encontrado na narrativa de Huxley, da (...) estabilidade. Confrontando as leituras dessas duas obras, se pode compreender mais profundamente e, em uma perspectiva diferenciada, a relevância das condições do crescimento na formação plena da mentalidade individual. (shrink)

Este artículo toma el esquema de J.B.Vico de las tres etapas del discurso (etapa mítico-poética, la conceptual-dialéctica y la descriptiva), y hace la propuesta de si no estaremos ante el ¿ricorso¿ de que habla Vico: esto es, la vuelta desde el discurso descriptivo, predominante en el siglo XX, al discurso imaginativo de la ¿poiética¿ que nos alumbra los ¿mundos posibles¿. El autor argumenta esta hipótesis analizando el fracaso de la tradición de la ¿mímesis¿, la recuperación por Heidegger de la tradición (...) de lo posible, los aportes del construccionismo simbólico y el concepto de lo ¿real posible¿ de Bloch. Añáde a favor de esta hipótesis, las propuestas de dos semióticos: H.Eco y L.Dolezel. (shrink)